兴凯湖地区作物中农药的残留特征及健康风险评价

作者	单位
王蔚青	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
王东红*	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
刘权震	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085
杜川	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
林利华	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085
谢咏昌	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

通讯作者:王东红* 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

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中文摘要:

为探究黑龙江省兴凯湖地区作物中农药的残留现状,于2022年采集玉米、大豆和水稻作物样本,基于气相色谱质谱方法对这3种作物(玉米、水稻和大豆)中的57种农药的残留特征进行探究,并对籽粒中残留的农药进行健康风险评价。结果显示,在作物叶片和根中分别检出19种和22种农药残留,总浓度均值分别为168.48 ng/g和484.88 ng/g。对比在作物叶片和根样本中定量检出的农药数量发现,在作物根中检出的农药数量均高于在叶片中检出的农药数量,其中马拉硫磷在叶和根样本中均有较高的浓度残留,浓度均值分别为66.56 ng/g和209.37 ng/g。在所研究的3种作物中,无论是叶片还是根,水稻样本中残留的农药浓度均为最高。稻壳对农药有明显的阻留作用,在稻壳中共检出10种农药残留,而在大米(糙米)中仅检出2种农药残留,分别为马拉硫磷和稻瘟灵,浓度最大值分别为30.00 ng/g和14.13 ng/g。对照我国《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》(GB 2763—2021),马拉硫磷和稻瘟灵的残留浓度均低于最大残留限量(MRL),且非致癌风险商远小于1,非致癌风险很低。

英文摘要:

To explore the status of pesticide residues in crops in the Xingkai Lake area of Heilongjiang Province,samples of maize,soybean and paddy crops were collected in 2022,and the residue characteristics of 57 pesticides in three crops were explored based on gas chromatography mass spectrometer method,and the health risk assessment of residual pesticides in grains was carried out.The results showed that 19 and 22 pesticide residues were detected in crop leaves and roots,respectively,with average concentrations of 168.48 ng/g and 484.88 ng/g.A comparison of the number of pesticides quantified in crop leaf and root samples revealed that more pesticides were detected in roots than in leaves.Malathion was found in high concentrations in both leaf and root samples,with mean values of 66.56 ng/g and 209.37 ng/g for leaves and roots,respectively.Among the three studied crops,rice samples exhibited the highest pesticide residue concentrations in both leaves and roots.Rice husk demonstrated obvious retention effect on pesticides,and 10 pesticide residues were detected in rice husk,only 2 pesticide residues were detected in rice (brown rice),which were malathion and isoprothiolane pesticide residues,with the maximum concentrations of 30.00 ng/g and 14.13 ng/g,respectively.According to National Food Safety Standard—Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food (GB 2763-2021),the concentrations of malathion and isoprothiolane were lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL),the non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) was well below 1,indicating a very low non-carcinogenic risk.

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