| 乐山市2023年水环境质量特征分析 |
| Analysis of Water Environmental Quality Characteristics in Leshan in 2023 |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-15 修订日期：2024-09-13 |
| DOI：10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2025.04.13 |
| 中文关键词: 乐山市 水环境 聚类分析 WQI 主成分分析 茫溪河 |
| 英文关键词:Leshan City water environment cluster analysis WQI principal component analysis Mangxi River |
| 基金项目: |
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| 通讯作者:侯茜* 四川省乐山生态环境监测中心站, 四川 乐山 614000 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为全面了解乐山市2023年水环境质量状况,应用聚类分析和水质指数(Water Quality Index,WQI)法对乐山市境内主要流域水质进行综合评估,将具有不同水质的河流区分出来,然后对水质较差的河流进行主成分分析,找出其首要污染物并分析来源,为后期治理提供有针对性的建议措施。结果表明:(1)茫溪河水质最差,WQI值最低,在聚类分析中与其他流域的欧氏距离最远,单独为一类。(2)乐山市境内整体水环境质量良好,大渡河、青衣江、岷江等主要流域WQI值均在74以上。(3)各河流水质存在显著的季节性变化,夏季水质普遍出现下降,尤其是茫溪河在夏季的污染较为严重。(4)主成分分析结果显示,茫溪河主要污染物为总磷、总氮和高锰酸盐指数,沿岸生活污水排放、农业种植及水产养殖废水排放是其主要的污染物来源。对此,需加强源头治理,严控污染物排放,并加大水生态修复力度,以恢复其生态平衡。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To comprehensively assess the water quality status of Leshan City in 2023,cluster analysis and the Water Quality Index (WQI) methodology were employed to evaluate the water quality of the major river basins within the city.This approach enabled the differentiation of rivers based on water quality.Subsequently,for rivers with substandard water quality,principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify the primary pollutants and their sources,thereby informing targeted remediation strategies for subsequent management.The findings indicated that: (1) The Mangxi River exhibited the poorest water quality,characterized by the lowest WQI value and the greatest Euclidean distance from other basins,thereby forming a distinct cluster.(2) The overall water environment of Leshan City was relatively good,with WQI values of major river basins such as the Dadu River,Qingyi River,and Min River all exceeding 74.(3) The water quality of various rivers exhibited distinct seasonal variations,with a notable deterioration during the summer season.Specifically,pollution in the Mangxi River was particularly severe during the summer months.(4) PCA indicated that the principal pollutants in the Mangxi River were total phosphorus,total nitrogen,and the permanganate index.The major sources of these pollutants were identified as domestic sewage discharge,agricultural runoff,and aquaculture activities along its banks.It is essential to enhance source control,rigorously regulate pollutant discharges,and intensify water ecological restoration efforts to restore the ecological balance. |
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