长三角地区饮用水水源地典型重金属污染状况及环境风险评估 |
Pollution Status and Environmental Risk Assessment of Typical Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Sources of Yangtze River Delta Region |
投稿时间:2023-11-02 修订日期:2024-03-18 |
DOI:10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2024.06.12 |
中文关键词: 重金属污染 长三角地区 饮用水水源地 生态风险 健康风险 |
英文关键词:heavy metal pollution Yangtze River Delta region drinking water source ecological risk health risk |
基金项目:国家环境保护饮用水水源地保护重点实验室开放基金项目(2022YYSYKFZD01) |
作者 | 单位 | 刘琪 | 中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护饮用水水源地保护重点实验室, 北京 100012 西北大学城市与环境学院, 陕西 西安 710127 | 涂响 | 中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护饮用水水源地保护重点实验室, 北京 100012 | 王山军 | 中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护饮用水水源地保护重点实验室, 北京 100012 | 王恩瑞 | 中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护饮用水水源地保护重点实验室, 北京 100012 | 付青 | 中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护饮用水水源地保护重点实验室, 北京 100012 | 邓雪娇* | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 |
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通讯作者:邓雪娇* 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 |
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中文摘要: |
随着城镇化和工业化的快速发展,长江三角洲地区饮用水水源水质安全引起了社会普遍关注。其中,重金属污染是该地区饮用水安全和水生态健康的重要隐患。因此,选取长三角地区107个县级以上集中式生活饮用水水源地为研究对象,分析该地区2017—2022年6种重金属(铜、锌、铅、砷、汞、镉)的总体污染状况和时空分布特征,并开展人体健康风险和生态风险评估。结果表明:长三角地区水源地水质总体良好,6种重金属污染程度总体较低。砷、铜、锌在河流型水源地中的浓度水平均高于湖库型水源地,而镉、汞、铅在湖库型水源地则相对更高,水源地重金属浓度水平受季节变化影响不大。砷、汞的生态风险较低,锌、铅、镉处于中低风险水平,铜主要处于中风险水平,但是每年均有部分水源地出现高风险。铜、锌、铅、汞、镉不会对人体产生非致癌健康风险,但是砷可能产生潜在的非致癌风险。砷、铅的致癌风险指数为10-6~10-4,可能具有潜在致癌风险。镉与污水排放有一定的相关性,砷的来源可能主要与自然地质等因素有关。综上,长三角地区饮用水水源地重金属污染环境风险管理的主要对象是铜、砷、铅。 |
英文摘要: |
With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization,the safety of water quality of drinking water sources in the Yangtze River Delta region has aroused widespread concern in the society,among which heavy metal pollution is an important danger to the safety of drinking water and ecological health of water environment in the region. Therefore,this paper selected 107 centralized drinking water sources above the county level in the Yangtze River Delta as the research object,analyzed the overall pollution status and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of 6 heavy metals (copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium) in the region during 2017 and 2022,and carried out human health risk and ecological risk assessment. The results showed that the water quality of drinking water sources in the Yangtze River Delta region was generally good,and the pollution degree of 6 heavy metals was generally low. The concentrations of arsenic,copper and zinc in river-type drinking water sources were higher than those in lake-type drinking water sources,while cadmium,mercury and lead were relatively higher in lake-type drinking water sources. The concentration level of heavy metals in drinking water sources was not affected by seasonal changes. The ecological risk of arsenic and mercury was low,and zinc,lead,and cadmium were at a medium-low risk level. Copper was mainly in the middle risk,but some drinking water sources were at high risk every year. Copper,zinc,lead,mercury and cadmium did not pose non-carcinogenic health risks to the human body, but arsenic might pose a potential non-carcinogenic risk. The carcinogenic risk index of arsenic and lead was between 10-6~10-4,which might have potential carcinogenic risks. Cadmium had a certain correlation with sewage discharge,and the source of arsenic might be mainly related to natural geology and other factors. To sum up,the main targets of environmental risk management of heavy metal pollution in drinking water sources in Yangtze River Delta region are copper,arsenic,and lead. |
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