| 国内外环境空气质量指数分析和比较 |
| Comparison of Air Quality Index Between China and Foreign Countries |
| 投稿时间：2013-07-16 修订日期：2013-08-21 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 空气质量指数 分级浓度限值 环境空气质量标准 实时报 |
| 英文关键词:air quality index breakpoints ambient air quality standards real-time reporting |
| 基金项目:国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项（201009001-4） |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 王帅 | 中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012 | | 杜丽* | 中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012 | | 王瑞斌 | 中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012 | | 丁俊男 | 中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012 | | 孟晓艳 | 中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012 | | 解淑艳 | 中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012 | | 李亮 | 中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012 | | 潘本锋 | 中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012 | | 郑皓皓 | 中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012 | | 赵熠琳 | 中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012 |
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| 通讯作者:杜丽* 中国环境监测总站, 北京 100012 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过资料调研，对中国、美国、英国、中国香港等国家和地区的空气质量指数（AQI）进行了对比研究，以便考查中外AQI间的差异。结果表明：①国内外AQI的指标项目及取值时间、分级方案等主要依据各自的环境空气质量标准而制定，并随着环境空气质量标准的修订而不断更新。②在指标项目方面，各国AQI指数逐渐增加PM2.5指标且更加注重气体污染物急性效应的评价；中国AQI指数在API指数基础上进行了全面的扩充，在指标数量方面是世界上最多的。在分级方案方面，中国分级浓度限值主要参考美国和中国香港而制定，且大部分指标的分级浓度限值均与国际衔接，但中国SO2-1 h平均和PM2.5-24 h平均两个指标在AQI<200时的低浓度区间的评价结果偏宽松。③与国外相比，中国AQI实时报中颗粒物和臭氧的滑动平均时段具有一定的滞后性。建议中国开展颗粒物健康风险评价相关研究，改进AQI实时报的统计方法，并尽快开展AQI预报工作。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Air Quality Index (AQI) of China, the USA, the UK, Hong Kong and other countries (regions) were analyzed to compare the differences. Results showed that ① the indices, averaging time and the breakpoint concentrations of AQI in different counties and regions were decided and revised mainly according to the ambient air quality standard in that countries and regions. ② In aspect of indices, many countries and regions have added PM2.5 as well as gaseous pollutants with short averaging time in the AQI recently. The AQI in China has been enhanced much compared to API before. China now has the most comprehensive AQI indices in the world. The breakpoints of most indices in China were almost the same with USA and Hong Kong. However, the indices of SO2-1hour and PM2.5-24hour were less protective compared to that in the USA in low concentrations bands where AQI <200. ③ Compared to other countries, the real-time reporting of AQI in China has a lag effect due to the rolling average period. The research of human health risk assessment of particulate matter were suggested in China and the improvement of the statistic methods of real-time AQI should be made in China as well as the forecast reporting of AQI. |
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